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The following are XML-based standards, specifications, and initiatives for the Printing & Publishing Industry:
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Guidelines for implementing Dublin Core in XML
This document provides guidelines for people implementing Dublin Core metadata applications using XML. It considers both simple (unqualified) DC and qualified DC applications. In each case, the underlying metadata model is described (in a syntax neutral way), followed by some specific guidelines for XML implementations. Some guidance on the use of non-DC metadata within DC metadata applications is also provided.
For more information on Guidelines for implementing Dublin Core in XML please visit http://dublincore.org/documents/2003/04/02/dc-xml-guidelines/.
The XML Bookmark Exchange Language (XBEL)
The XML Bookmark Exchange Language, or XBEL, is an Internet "bookmarks" interchange format. It was designed by the Python XML Special Interest Group on the group's mailing list. The original intent was to create an interesting, fun project which was both useful and would demonstrate the Python XML processing software which was being developed at the time. Mark Hammond contributed the original idea, and other members of the SIG chimed in to add support for their favorite browser features. After debate which ranged far afield from the original idea, compromises were reached which allow XBEL to be a useful language for describing bookmark data for a range of browsers, including the major browsers and a number of less widely used browsers.
For more information on The XML Bookmark Exchange Language (XBEL) please visit http://pyxml.sourceforge.net/topics/xbel/.
Open eBook Publication Structure
OEBPS is an XML-based format for the content, structure, and presentation of electronic books. It enables publishers to create a single electronic representation of a publication that can be easily transformed into other formats and presented on many devices.
The specification and sample OeBPS 1.2 publications are available for free public download at: http://www.openebook.org/oebps/oebps1.2/index.htm.
Topic Maps Models
For more information on Topic Map Models please visit http://www.isotopicmaps.org/tmmm/TMMM-2.30/N0393.html.
SportsML
SportsML aims to be the global XML standard for the interchange of sports data. Designed to be as easy to understand and implement as possible, SportsML allows for the exchange of sports scores, schedules, standings, and statistics for a wide variety of competitions. For more information on News Industry Text Format please visit
Its extensibility allows for the easy accommodation of many sports from around the globe. SportsML cooperates with current IPTC standards NewsML and NITF to enable publishers to package sports statistics alongside edited coverage of sports.
SportsML uses the eXtensible Markup Language to define the content and structure of sports data, which means that developers of interactive or printed sports data services will have a far easier time integrating sports feeds that adhere to SportsML than if they rely on other proprietary formats. For more information on SportML please visit http://www.sportsml.com/.
NewsML
NewsML is an XML encoding for news which is intended to be used for the creation, transfer and delivery of news.
NewsML is media independent, and allows equally for the representation of the evening TV news and a simple textual story. Specifically, NewsML provides the following features:
- All formats and media types recognised equally
- Facilitates the development of news items
- Collections of news items
- Named relationships between newsitems
- Structure consisting of parts and named relationships between parts
- Alternative representations of the same part
- Explicit inclusion, inclusion by reference and exclusion of parts and alternatives
- Attachment of metadata from standard and non-standard schemes
For more information on NewsML please visit http://iptc.org/.
News Industry Text Format (NITF)
The News Industry Text Format uses XML to define the structure and content of news articles (text and statistical data). It identifies structural pieces such headlines, bylines, paragraphs, table columns and footnotes. The subjects covered by the content may be indicated through the use of the IPTC Subject codes. Rich in-line markup can be applied to specify such things as organizations, events, places and people. Because metadata tags are applied throughout the news content, NITF documents are far more searchable and useful than HTML pages. NITF documents, like other news data may be contained within, or referenced from, a NewsML wrapper. For more information on News Industry Text Format please visit http://iptc.org/.
Information Interchange Model
A container file format for news information. Allows for considerable freedom in inserting editorial information pertaining to the contained data. The information data may represent any of the common media. Features include the unique identification of news objects, linking mechanisms and audio data parameters. Sample files are available. There are 3 files, a red image file , a green image file and a blue image file each within a separate IIM envelope. Together they represent a full colour image. For more information on Information Interchange Model please visit http://iptc.org/.
Information Content and Exchange (ICE)
Since its first public showing in October of 1997, ICE has progressed as an open, XML-based protocol that standardizes the controlled distribution of data and content among business partners. The ICE protocol creates a universal platform for the automatic exchange, update, supply and control of information assets in a trusted fashion without requiring manual packaging of content or knowledge of remote Web site or database structures. As with most successful standards initiatives, ICE is based not only on the contributions of technology companies, but also on a unique combination of online content providers. The team that designed the ICE protocol included leading companies like Adobe, Microsoft Corporation, National Semiconductor, News Internet Services, Sun Microsystems (Java-soft), Tribune Media Services and Vignette Corporation. ICE Version 1.1 is a W3C Note and can be located at http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-ice.html. ICE2, a major revision which incorporates many XML advances including the notions of Web services, WDSL, XML Schema and XML Namespaces, is scheduled for release in early 2003. For more information on ICE please visit www.icestandard.org.
Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata (PRISM)
The PRISM standard specifies metadata designed to assist in automating, repurposing, archiving, production, aggregation, rights tracking and redistribution of publishable content both within and outside the enterprise. Standardizing on descriptive metadata automates time-consuming processes and provides tools for interoperability so that organizations can more easily and automatically acquire, exchange and find content across multiple repositories. The specification also now defines DTDs that use PRISM metadata and content markup.
PRISM is a key standards initiative of IDEAlliance involving companies who have an interest in creating and using a common metadata standard as a basic part of the content infrastructure. The PRISM Working Group consists of companies who are content suppliers and consumers, software developers, and integrators who are involved in content creation, management, aggregation and distribution, whether commercially or within intranet and extranet frameworks. The PRISM Working Group is open to IDEAlliance members and includes companies such as Active Data Exchange, Inc., Adobe Systems, Incorporated, Antarcti.ca Systems Inc., Artesia Technologies, Inc., Banta New Media, CMP Media, LLC, Conde Nast, ContentGuard Inc., Context Media, Inc, Creo Products Inc., DeepBridge, Inc., Getty Images, Hachette Filipacchi Media, U.S., (HFM), Hearst Magazines, Interwoven, Inc., LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier plc., LingoMotors Inc., The McGraw-Hill Companies, Newsweek, Publishing Connections Inc.(PCI), and Time Inc. For more information on PRISM and the Working Group, please visit www.prismstandard.org.
Specifications for Publisher & Agency Communications Exchange XML (SPACE/XML)
SPACEXML was created as electronic business transactions for ad space reservation, insertion orders, creative material, job tickets, and invoices. The standard was developed to get paid faster from a reduction in information errors that cause billing discrepancies. Additionally the goal of creating the specifications for ad insertion orders to eliminate much of the confusion and misinformation that can result when insertion orders are sent by fax or mail. By establishing this set of standards, any publication or agency could receive electronic business information from any collaborative partner. For more information on SPACE/XML please visit http://www.idealliance.org/spacexml/
papiNet
papiNet is the global initiative to develop, maintain and promote the implementation of standard electronic transaction standards to facilitate the flow of information and facilitate computer to computer communications among all parties engaged in the buying, selling, and distribution of forest, paper and wood products. The set of standards is referred to as the papiNet standard. The standards include common terminology and standard business documents (e.g. purchase orders, shipping notices, and invoices).
The goals are to improve the reach and richness of communication throughout the supply chain, increase efficiencies in transactions and marketplace activities, and to support interoperability among trading partners. The papiNet standards are open and freely available. For more information on papiNet please visit www.papinet.org
XML Book Industry Transaction Standards (XBITS)
XBITS (XML Book Industry Transaction Standards) is a Working Group of IDEAlliance that is designing standard XML (Extensible Markup Language) transactions to facilitate bi-directional electronic data exchanges between publishers, printers, paper mills, and component vendors. The end result will be a set of electronic documents that facilitate the flow of information among supply chain partners in the publishing/print industry. The effort supports efficient business-to-business (B2B) communication, improves the reach and richness of communication throughout the supply chain, and increases efficiencies in transaction activities while supporting interoperability among trading partners. For more information on XBITS please visit www.xmlbits.org.
TEI Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange
The TEI Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange have been developed by the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI); see 1.3, Historical Background. They are addressed to anyone who works with any text in electronic form.
They provide means of representing those features of a text which need to be identified explicitly in order to facilitate processing of the text by computer programs. In particular, they specify a set of markers (or tags) which may be inserted in the electronic representation of the text, in order to mark the text structure and other textual features of interest. Without such explicit markers, many important features remain difficult to locate by mechanical means such as computer programs, and thus difficult to process effectively. The process of inserting such explicit markers for implicit textual features is often called markup or tagging, and the term encoding scheme or markup language denotes the rules which govern the use of markup in a set of encodings.
The Guidelines formulated in this document are intended for use in interchange between individuals and research groups using different programs and computer systems over a broad range of applications. Since they contain an inventory of the features most often found useful for text processing, the Guidelines also provide help to those creating texts in electronic form. They can also be used for the local storage of text which is to be processed with multiple software packages requiring different input formats.
The Guidelines apply to texts in any natural language, of any date, in any literary genre or text type, without restriction on form or content. They treat both continuous materials ( running text) and discontinuous materials such as dictionaries and linguistic corpora. Though principally directed to the needs of the scholarly research community, the Guidelines are not restricted to esoteric academic applications. They should also be useful for librarians who maintain and document electronic materials, as well as for publishers and others creating or distributing electronic texts. Although they focus on problems of representing in electronic form texts which already exist in traditional media, these Guidelines should also be useful for the creation of electronic texts. They are adequate to, but not limited by, existing practices.
RELAX NG
The key features of RELAX NG are that it is simple, easy to learn, uses XML syntax, does not change the information set of an XML document, supports XML namespaces, treats attributes uniformly with elements so far as possible, has unrestricted support for unordered content, has unrestricted support for mixed content, has a solid theoretical basis, and can partner with a separate datatyping language.
The Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime)
The Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime), defined in this International Standard, provides facilities for representing static and dynamic information that is processed and interchanged by hypertext and multimedia applications. HyTime is an application of ISO 8879, the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
Related information on Hytime can be found at:
Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL)
DSSSL is the Document Style Semantics and Specification Language and is meant to work with SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup Language. DSSSL is an international standard for associating processing with SGML documents.
Related information on DSSSL can be found at:
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